Educational level and cognitive impairment in people living with HIV on antiretroviral treatment in Ecuador.

Volume 7, Issue 2, April 2022     |     PP. 152-158      |     PDF (121 K)    |     Pub. Date: April 17, 2022
DOI: 10.54647/cm32797    71 Downloads     4555 Views  

Author(s)

Alejandro Checa, Neuropsicólogo Clínico, Hospital de Especialidades “Eugenio Espejo”, Ecuador
Eliana Navas, Médica General, Hospital de Especialidades “Eugenio Espejo”, Ecuador
Jonathan Molina-Benavides, Psicólogo Clínico, Hospital de Especialidades “Eugenio Espejo”, Ecuador
Verónica Valencia, Medica Psiquiatra, Hospital de Especialidades “Eugenio Espejo”, Ecuador

Abstract
Despite the accessibility of modern antiretroviral therapy (HAART), neurocognitive decline persists among some people with HIV. The objective is to assess whether there is a relationship between educational level and cognitive impairment in people living with HIV on antiretroviral treatment.
This is a cross-sectional cohort study conducted between January 2021 and July 2021 in the HIV Unit of the Eugenio Espejo Hospital in Quito. In people on antiretroviral treatment and undetectable viral load using the short neuropsychological battery NEUROPSI. 110 subjects were recruited, mainly men (97.2%), of which 51.8% were between 18 and 30 years old. The participants with complete higher education 38.64% presented normal performance and the remaining 61.36% moderate decline, there is a highly significant association between level of instruction and cognitive impairment (p = 0.006). In our cohort study, in PLWHA in Ecuador, patients with a higher level of formal education have a lower risk of suffering from cognitive impairment, age and sex seem not to be related.

Keywords
Educational level, cognitive impairment, HIV

Cite this paper
Alejandro Checa, Eliana Navas, Jonathan Molina-Benavides, Verónica Valencia, Educational level and cognitive impairment in people living with HIV on antiretroviral treatment in Ecuador. , SCIREA Journal of Clinical Medicine. Volume 7, Issue 2, April 2022 | PP. 152-158. 10.54647/cm32797

References

[ 1 ] Amusan P, Power C, Gill MJ, Gomez D, Johnson E, Rubin LH, et al. Lifetime antiretroviral exposure and neurocognitive impairment in HIV. J Neurovirol. 2020;26(5):743-53.
[ 2 ] Caobi A, Andre M, Miles J, Tomitaka A, Nikkhah-Moshaie R, Hernandez A, et al. Magnetic Nanoparticle and Exosomal Therapeutic (M-NEXT) Effects on HIV-Associated Neurotoxicity. Crit Rev Biomed Eng. 2020;48(3):189-98.
[ 3 ] de Almeida SM, Rotta I, de Pereira AP, Tang B, Umlauf A, Ribeiro CEL, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis as a predictive factor for CSF and plasma HIV RNA discordance and escape. J Neurovirol. 2020;26(2):241-51.
[ 4 ] Gutiérrez C, Chanqueo L, Bernal F, Ramírez A, Loureiro O, Vásquez P. Utilidad de la cuantificación de carga viral de VIH en líquido cefalorraquídeo, a propósito de un caso. Revista chilena de infectología. 2018;35(5):601-5.
[ 5 ] Sanmarti M, Ibáñez L, Huertas S, Badenes D, Dalmau D, Slevin M, et al. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. J Mol Psychiatry. 2014;2(1):2.
[ 6 ] Rodríguez WAA, Franco RG, Lugo ALC, Meneses MMN, Ortega YLÁ. Estudio de Caso Evolución y secuelas cognitivas en un paciente con encefalopatía por VIH/SIDA con tratamiento antirretroviral. Rev Chil Neuropsicol. 2020;15(1):01-5.
[ 7 ] Cancino M, Rehbein-Felmer L, Ortiz MS. Funcionamiento cognitivo en adultos mayores: rol de la reserva cognitiva, apoyo social y depresión. Revista médica de Chile. 2018;146(3):315-22.
[ 8 ] Ostrosky-Solís F, Ardila A, Rosselli M. NEUROPSI: a brief neuropsychological test battery in Spanish with norms by age and educational level. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 1999;5(5):413-33.
[ 9 ] Paucar Asencios KY. Adaptación de la prueba neuropsicológica Breve neuropsi en adultos mayores de Lima. 2020.
[ 10 ] Tandazo Yánez HJ. Deterioro cognitivo en pacientes VIH positivo que acuden a consulta externa de medicina interna del HTMC de Guayaquil, desde Diciembre a Febrero del 2014. 2014.
[ 11 ] Sil S, Periyasamy P, Thangaraj A, Niu F, Chemparathy DT, Buch S. Advances in the Experimental Models of HIV-Associated Neurological Disorders. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2021.
[ 12 ] Dreyer AJ, Munsami A, Williams T, Andersen LS, Nightingale S, Gouse H, et al. Cognitive Differences between Men and Women with HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2021.
[ 13 ] Robinson JJ, Walker T, Hopkins C, Bradley B, McKie P, Frank JS, et al. Driving habits, cognition, and health-related quality of life in middle-aged and older adults with HIV. Appl Neuropsychol Adult. 2021:1-11.
[ 14 ] Campagna I, Crespo S. Funcionamiento cognitivo de población venezolana sana. Revista Argentina de Neuropsicología. 2015;27:1-24.
[ 15 ] Liu B, Li W. Association between education level and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sex Health. 2020.
[ 16 ] Narsi K, Tomita A, Ramlall S. Cognitive Reserve and Its Determinants in Newly HIV Diagnosed Antiretroviral-Naive Adults From Periurban and Informal Settlements: Evidence From an HIV Hyperendemic South African Setting. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2020;85(3):387-93.