New Opportunities for the Development of Power Supplies for Autonomous Fuel Cell Based Radio Repeaters
DOI: 172 Downloads 5450 Views
Author(s)
Abstract
The main characteristic of autonomous power systems of radio repeaters is the duration of uninterrupted operation without maintenance. In existing schemes, autonomy is ensured by the use of solar panels, wind generators and batteries or diesel-generators. However, both batteries and diesel-generators in real practice suffer from many shortcomings and their use for autonomous operation is coupled with significant risks. Instead, they began to develop power supply devices for fuel cells. Typical fuel cells are significantly more expensive. But in recent years, solutions have appeared that lower cost, higher efficiency and, compared with diesel generators, greater fuel efficiency. The article describes these new installations and compares their main characteristics.
Keywords
radio repeater, fuel cell, diesel-generators, autonomous, telecommunications, PEMFC, SOFC
Cite this paper
Aleksandr Pilipenko,
New Opportunities for the Development of Power Supplies for Autonomous Fuel Cell Based Radio Repeaters
, SCIREA Journal of Electrical Engineering.
Volume 6, Issue 1, February 2021 | PP. 1-10.
References
[ 1 ] | Obzor industrii toplivnych elementov po rezultatam 2017 goda. Oct 22, 2018. Joule Watt // Website “Inzhenernyy dom” (www.joule-watt.com/convertacia-energii/fuel-cell-obzor-2017/) |
[ 2 ] | Vyzovy rynka dlia system electropitaniya na osnove elementov // Website “inenergy.ru” (Po dannym konsaltingovogo agentstva “4th Energy Wave”). Gruppa kompaniy “Inenerdzhi” // http://www.inenergy.ru/upload/iblock/75d/75d70557469f1626d1dd421235a12218.pdf |
[ 3 ] | Reasons to use our fuel cells; Which energy problems or challenges did you have to address? // Website of the company SFC Energy AG: https://www.efoy-pro.com/en/efoy-pro/efoy-pro-12000-duo/ |
[ 4 ] | M. Toupin, K. Malek, A. Mokrini. Techno-Economics of a New High Throughput Process for Proton Exchange Membranes Manufacturing // EVS29 Symposium. Montréal, Québec, Canada, June pp. 19-22, 2016. World Electric Vehicle Journal. Vol. 8. ISSN 2032-6653 - 2016. WEVA. Page WEVJ8-0431. |
[ 5 ] | Manufacturing cost analysis of 1 kW and 5 kW solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) for auxilliary power applications. Prepared by: BATTELLE (Battelle Memorial Institute); U.S. Department of Energy February 7, 2014. |
[ 6 ] | J. Cotrell, W. Pratt. Modeling the Feasibility of Using Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines in Remote Renewable Energy Systems. U.S. Department of Energy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information. NREL National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL is a U.S. Department of Energy Laboratory Operated by Midwest Research Institute . Battelle. Bechtel Contract No. DE-AC36-99-GO10337. September 2003. NREL/TP-500-34648 |
[ 7 ] | P. A. Lehman, et al. Performance of a Photovoltaic/Fuel Cell Power System for a Remote Telecommunications Station, 2000 Fuel Cell Seminar Proceedings, pp. 364-367. |
[ 8 ] | P. A. Lehman, et al. A Photovoltaic/ Fuel Cell Power System for a Remote Telecommunications Station, 2000 IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference Proceedings, pp. 1552-1555. |
[ 9 ] | P. Lehman, C. Chamberlin, J. Zoellick, R. Engel, D. Rommel. Fuel cell/photovoltaic integrated power system for a remote telecommunications repeater // Manuscript for 14th World Hydrogen Energy Conference, June 2002. |
[ 10 ] | S. Paudel, M.S. Dahal, M. Adhikari, J. N. Shrestha. Technical and Economic Assessment of Renewable Energy Sources for Telecom Application: A Case Study of Nepal Telecom // Fifth International Conference on Power and Energy Systems (ICPS), Kathmandu, Nepal. 28 - 30 October, 2013. |
[ 11 ] | The website of the company “SFC Energy AG”: https://www.sfc.com/en/company/ |
[ 12 ] | P. Tikvah. Israel – July 2, 2018. Adrian Kenya selects new GENCELL A5 fuel cell solution to provide green, off-grid power to 800 telecom base stations // The site of the company “GenCellEnergy”: https://www.gencellenergy.com/news/adrian-kenya-800-telecom-base-stations/ |
[ 13 ] | The website of the company “GenCell Energy”: https://www.gencellenergy.com/our-products/gencell-a5/ |
[ 14 ] | The website of the company “SvyazKomplekt”: https://skomplekt.com/tovar/9/15/3/ |
[ 15 ] | The website of the company “Eberspächer”: https://www.eberspaecher.com/ |
[ 16 ] | J. Rechberger, A. Kaupert, J. Hagerskans, L. Blum. Demonstration of the First European SOFC APU on a Heavy Duty Truck // Transportation Research Procedia. 14:3676-3685. December 2016. DOI: 10.1016/j.trpro.2016.05.442 |
[ 17 ] | Eberspaecher at the IAA Commercial Vehicles 2014: Diesel fuel-cell APU revolutionizes energy management in the truck // https://www.automotiveworld.com/news-releases/eberspaecher-iaa-commercial-vehicles-2014-diesel-fuel-cell-apu-revolutionizes-energy-management-truck/ |
[ 18 ] | A. S. Lipilin.. Modified planar element (versions), battery of electrochemical devices on its basis, method to manufacture element and form for its realization. Patent RU. 2422951. Effective date for property rights: 26.05.2010. Date of publication: 27.07.2011. |
[ 19 ] | V. A. Shmakov, A. S. Lipilin, I. E. Sigalov, E. E. Lomonova, A. V. Nikonov, A. V. Spirin, S. N. Paranin, A. V. Valentsev, V. R. Khrustov. Planar element of electrochemical devices, battery and method of production. Patent RU. Effective date for property rights 30.04.2010. Date of publication 27.04.2011. |
[ 20 ] | TOTE – novaya generatsiya electrichestva. Opisanie proekta. Sut' inxestitsiy – Sozdanie mikro planarnogo tverdooksidnogo toplivnogo elementa (MP TOTE), prednaznachennogo dlya avtonomnoy generatsii elektroenergii // Website: https://business-platform.ru/projects/4226.html |
[ 21 ] | E. D. Wachsman, Kang Taek Lee. Lowering the Temperature of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells // Science. 18 Nov. 2011. Vol. 334. Issue 6058. pp. 935-939. DOI: 10.1126/science.1204090 |
[ 22 ] | Redox Power Systems. Affordable natural gas fuel cell power // The website of the company “Redox Power Systems, LLC”: https://www.redoxenergy.com/docs/Redox%20Cube%20Datasheet.pdf |